Organization and the Need for Management

Organization

Two or more people who work together in a structured way to achieve a specific goal or set of goals.

Goals

The purpose that an organization strives to achieve; organizations often have more than one goal, goals are fundamental elements of organizations.

Management

The process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization members and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals.

Manager

People responsible for directing the efforts aimed at helping organizations achieve their goals.

Managerial and Organizational Performance

Managerial Performance

The measure of how efficient and effective a manager is – how well he or she determines and achieves appropriate objectives.

Organizational Performance

The measure of how efficient and effective an organization is-how well it achieves appropriate objectives

Efficiency

The ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives: “doing things right”

Effectiveness

The ability to determine appropriate objectives: “doing the right things”

Management

According to Mary Parker Follett Art of getting things done through people.

According to George R. Terry Consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resource.

Importance of Management
1)   Management is a critical element in the economic growth of a country
2)   Management is essential in all organized efforts, be it a business activity or any other activity
3)   Management is the dynamic, life-giving element in every organization

Management process

Process A systematic method of handling activities.

The four main Management Activities are
1)   Planning
2)   Organizing
3)   Leading
4)   controlling

Planning

The process of establishing goals and suitable course of action for achieving those goals.

Organizing

The process of engaging two or more people in working together in a structured way to achieve a specific goal or set of goals.

Leading

The process of directing and influencing the task-related activities of group members or an entire organization.

Controlling

The process of ensuring that actual activities conform to planned activities.

Management Level and Skills

Henry Fayol  a famous management theorist has identified three basic kinds of skills,

Technical Skills

The ability to use the procedures, techniques and knowledge of a specialized field

Human Skills

The ability to work with, understand and motivate other people as individuals or in groups

Conceptual Skill

The ability to coordinate and integrate all of an organization’s interests and activities.